The History of Gardening: A Timeline
The Seventeenth Century:  1600 - 1699


Noteworthy Gardens, Events, Persons, Publications, and Facts in the History of Gardening
References and Web Links Organized by Time Periods
Some Information about Agriculture, Farming, Culinary Arts, Botany, Horticulture, Technology, Arts and Crafts

Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

March 1,  2002

 

 

From Ancient Times to 1600

The Seventeenth Century:  1600 - 1699

The Eighteenth Century:  1701 - 1799

The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899

The Twentieth Century:  1900 - 1999

Reference Sources and Selected Links

 

 


Reminder: You can search the Gardening Timeline and the Spirit of Gardening website.


Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website

 

 

 

 

 

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The History of Gardening: A Timeline
The Seventeenth Century

 

 

1600

    European forests are becoming depleted, and shortages of wood effect various industries.  In later years, coal, petroleum,  hydroelectric and finally nuclear power sources are increasingly utilized.  [Ponting 1991]

    Mannerism in gardening.

 

1603

    Hyde Park, London, opened to the public by King James I. 
    Isagoges in Rem Herbarium.  Spigelius.  Important for his instructions on making dried herbarium specimens.  
    Akbar the Great (1556-1605), Mogul emperor of India and garden lover.
    Jerusalem artichokes in the eastern U.S. 

 

1607

    Sassafras beverages are very popular in England.   [Rupp 1990]

 

1612

    The beginning of tobacco cultivation in Virginia.  
    History of Agriculture in Colonial America. 
    Florilegium.   Emanuel Sweert.  Flowering plants.  
    Europeans are introduced to drinking tea.  Tea products and information.
    Dairy cows brought to Jamestown colony in Virginia.

 

1613

   Hortus Eystettensis.  Besler.  660 species of flowering plants. 
   Florilegium Novum.   Jean Theodore de Bry.   Flowering plants. 

 

1615

    The English Hus-Wife  "Contayning The inward and outward vertues which ought to be in a
compleat woman; As, her skill in Physicke, Cookery, Banqueting-stuffe, Distillation, Perfumes, Wooll, Hemp, Flax,
Dayries, Brewing, Baking, and all other things belonging to an houshould."   Gervase Markham.  London,
John Beale.  Recipe for rice pudding.

    First shipment of green coffee beans to a European city, Venice.

 

1618

    The Country House-Wife's Garden.   William Lawson.  Includes knot garden designs.
    A New Orchard and Garden
.    William Lawson.

 

1621

    First botanic garden in England, the Oxford Physic Garden.
    Americans are busy brewing beer. 
    Novum organum.  Frances Bacon.  The scientific method of observation and experiment is advocated.
    The first American Thanksgiving feast was celebrated in Plymouth Colony by the pilgrims and Massasoit Indians. 
    Katsura Rikyu Imperial Villa, Kyoto, Japan

 

1623

    Pinax.  By Gaspard Bauhin.  Exhaustive compilation of plant names and descriptions, later helpful to Linneaus. 

 

1624

    Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624), Pinax Theatri Botanici.   Used a clear concept of genus and species in his botannical classification of 6,000 plants. 

 

1625

    Of Gardens.   Francis Bacon.  An essay on the ideal 30 acre farm.  
    Corn porridge meals in New York. 

 

1629

    Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris.   John Parkinson.
    Native American Technology and Art   An excellent site developed by Tara Pringle.  Lots of good information, articles, and links. 

 

 

Vegetables - Quotes for Gardeners

 

1630

    The city of Constantinople is renowned for flower gardens and horticulture for centuries before and after.
    Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, ambassador from the court of Ferdinand I in Vienna, brings back tulips and other bulbs given to him by Suleiman the Magnificent in Istanbul, Turkey.   The Dutch soon began growing tulips as a major cash crop.   The Dutch had greatly expanded their fertile agricultural land by over 400,000 acres by draining lakes and swamps with windmills and using dykes and levies to control the water. 

 

1633

    The Herball or Generall Historie of Plants. John Gerard.  London, 1633.  Thomas Johnson, editor,
Dover Publications, 1975.

 

1635

    Yuan Yeh.   Chi Ch'eng.  Treatise on Chinese rock gardens. 
    The Jardin des Plantes was established in Paris.
    The peak of Tulip buying mania amonst wealthy Dutch collectors. 
    Life in the Jamestown colony.

1637

    John Tradescant The Younger makes his first trip to Virginia, America. 

 

1638

    John Tradescant the Elder (1570 - 1638)  Gardener to Charles I of England, and avid plant collector.
    Honeybees introduced into the American colonies.

 

 

 

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1642


In Japan, Matsudaira Yorishige greatly improves the Ritsurin Koen estate and gardens in Takamatsu City, Shikoku island, Japan.  

 

1646

Hesperides, sive De Malorum aureorum Cultura et Usus Libri Quator (Hesperides, or Four Books on the Culture and Use of the Golden Apples).  By J. B. Ferrarius.   A massive study (500 pages) of the cultivation of citrus crops.  
  
     The use of greens and vegetables in salads.  

 

1647

    Rice cultivation begins in North and South Carolina.  Sweet potato cultivation in Virginia.  The New England rum industry uses sugar and molasses.  The Caribbean islands grow sugar cane.   [Root 1980]

 

 

Green Way Blog by Michael P. Garofalo

 

 

1648

    Jean Baptiste van Helmont conducts experiments with water, soil and plants. 
    Agrarian revolution underway in Europe due to advantages of new crops like potatoes.

 

1650

 

    Of Agriculture    By Abraham Cowley (1618-1667).

    European Garden History   Presented by Trans Europe Tours.  Tours of famous 15th to 18th century gardens in England, Scotland, Wales, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.  

    Cultivating Canadian Gardens: A History of Gardening In Canada.    Presented by the National Library of Canada.  Interesting facts about Huron agriculture, Canadian flora, pioneer gardens, and 19th Century seed catalogs.  Includes a bibliography, links, and photographs.     

    The Enchanted Gardens of the Renaissance   Facts about three Renaissance gardens near Rome:   Villa D'Este - Tivoli, Villa Lante - Bagnaia, Bomarzo's Sacred Groves. 

    Roman Catholic Archbishop Usher estimates that the world is 6000 years old, and Adam was alive in 4004 B.C..

 

 


Reminder: You can search the Spirit of Gardening website.


Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website

 

 

1652

    A Design for Plentie, by a Universall Planting of Fruit Trees.     Samuel Hartlib.
    The English Physician (Culpepper's Complete Herbal).     Nicholas Culpepper. 
    Coffee being used in England.  Coffee Specialties: Products and Information  
    Gardens in the Netherlands.

 

1653

    A Treatise of Fruit Trees.    Ralph A. Austen.

 

1654

    Taj Mahal in India.
    An American harvest feast.

 

 

 

 

Reviews and Awards

 

 

1655

    Ferrari, Giovanni Battista  (1584-1655).    Flora, Ouero, Cultura di Fiori.

 

1656

    Musaeum Tradescantianum.    John Tradescant the Younger (1608-1662).  Plant collector. 

    The Tradescants' botanical garden at Lambeth, England, had over 1600 named plants in cultivation.

 

1659

    Imperial garden, Katsura, in Japan.
    Shugaku, pleasure garden in Kyoto, Japan.

 

1669

    The Accomplisht Cook.   By Robert May.

1663

    The Compleat Gard'ner.   John Evelyn.
    Kalendarium Hortense.   John Evelyn.    Popular gardening almanac. 
    William Coles (1626-1662).  The Art of Simpling.

 

1664

    Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees.    John Evelyn (Portrait)

 

1665

    The Age of Discovery
    Flora.    John Rea.
    Micrographia.    Robert Hooke.   He devised a useful lighted compound microscope.  Described the celluar structure of cork. 

 

1670

    First Scotish botanic garden, in Edinburgh.
    The English Garden.   Leonard Meager. 
    Yamato honzo (The Flora of Japan).  Kaibara Ekken.

 

 

Trees - Quotes for Gardeners

 

 

1671

    The Anatomy of Plants by Nehemiah Grew and  Anatome Plantarum Idea by Marcello Malpighi.  Detailed works on the anatomy of plants.  

 

1673

    Chelsea Physic Garden in England founded by the Society of Apothecaries.

 

1676

    Terra, a Philosophical Discourse of Earth.     John Evelyn.
    Flora Ceres et Pomona.    John Rea.

1677

    Systema Horticulturae, or the Art of Gardening.     John Woolridge.
    Nurseryman William Lucas's list of plants for sale. 

 

1680

    Cranberries in New Jersey.

 

1682

    Methodus Plantarum Nova.    John Ray.
    Heligan ("The Willows") Gardens, Cornwall, England.  Lost Gardens of Heligan.
    De Verstandige Kock, Dutch cooking.

 

 

1685

    Upon the Gardens of Epicurus; or, Of Gardening.    By Sir William Temple (1628-1699).    
    Rural Retirement to English Gardens.
    Bagels made in Austria.
    Summary of the late 17th Century achievements in microscopy.

 

1686

    Historia Plantarum.   John Ray. 
    American kitchen gardens from 1600-1800 were planted based on astrology, featured many herbs, used raised beds well dunged and dug in the autumn, and were fenced in to keep animals out. 

 

 

1690

    Rice culture in South Carolina.

 

1697

    Honcho shoku-kagami (Mirror of the Culinary Items of Japan).   Hirano Hitsudai.

 

 

 

The History of Gardening Timeline

Noteworthy Gardens, Events, Persons, Publications and Facts in the History of Gardening
Includes Related Information about Agriculture, Farming, Culinary Arts, Botany, Horticulture, Technology, Arts and Crafts

Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo

From Ancient Times to 1600

The Seventeenth Century:   1600 - 1699

The Eighteenth Century: 1701 - 1799

The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899

The Twentieth Century:  1900 - 1999

Reference Sources and Selected Links

 

 

 

 

flow2.gif (27433 bytes)

 

 

 

 

 




Copyrighted 1999 - 2002 by Michael P. Garofalo.  
All rights reserved.

 

I Welcome Your Comments, Ideas, Contributions, and Suggestions
E-mail Mike Garofalo in Red Bluff, California


A Short Biography of Michael P. Garofalo


Gardening History Timeline: The Seventeenth Century:  1600 - 1699
27K, Version 4.3.   March 1, 2002.
This document was first distributed on the Internet on January 1, 1999.

 

The Spirit of Gardening

Quotes for Gardeners

Trees

Index to the History of Gardening Timeline