The Seventeenth Century: 1600 - 1699
The Eighteenth Century: 1701 - 1799
The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899
The Twentieth Century: 1900 - 1999
Reference Sources and Selected Links
Reminder:
You can search the Gardening Timeline and the Spirit of Gardening website.
Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website
1700
Andre Le Notre (1613-1700) French landscape designer for Louis
XIV: Versailles, Chantilly, etc.
Agriculture and Food in the 18th Century: Links
1701
The first agricultural machine, the seed drill, was invented by Jethro Tull.
1703
Robert Hooke
(1635-1703). English experimental scientist and inventor.
Summary of 17th Century microscopy.
1705
John Evelyn (1620-1705) English writer, government official,
diarist, and landscape garden expert.
John Ray
(1628-1705) English naturalist and theologian.
Cookbook of D. Petre. Manuscript e-text.
1709
Chinese Imperial Garden Yuan Ming Yuan (Garden of Perfect
Brightness) near Peking.
Rice farming
culture in Georgetown, South Carolina.
1711
The Dutch Gardener, or the Complete Florist.
Van Oosten.
1712
La Theorie et la Pratique du Jardinage.
Dezallier d'Argenville. French garden designer.
Translated and
published by John James: The Theory and Practice of Gardening.
1715
Plantae Coldenhamiae. By Cadwallader Colden. Descriptions of plants near Newburgh, New York.
The four-field crop rotation (turnips, wheat, barley and clover) was popularized by Charles Townshend.
1718
Ichnographia Rustica. Stephen Switzer (1682-1745). Includes: The Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardeners Recreation (1715).
1723
A. Van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723). Dutch botanist. Analyzed the cellular tissue of wood.
1726
A New System of Agriculture. By John Laurence.
1727
Coffee plantations established in Brazil. [Baker 1978]
Coffee
Specialties Varieties, information, links, FAQ.
1730
Kew Royal Botanical Gardens designed by William Kent.
History of American Agriculture
- The Colonial Years. By John Chapman.
1731
The Gardener's Dictionary. Philip Miller (1691-1771). Head of Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea.
Spirituality - Quotes for Gardeners
1732
Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1732)
Dutch microscope maker and microscopist.
Philip Miller of the Chelsea Physic Garden sends the first cotton seeds
to Georgia, USA.
1733
History of the Dividing Line Betwixt Virginia and North Carolina. William Byrd II.
1735
Tsukiyama Teizoden (Creating Landscape Gardens). Kitamura Enkin.
1729
Guillaume Beaumont (1650-1729) Created the famous topiary garden at Levens Hall, Cumbria.
1736
Fundamenta Botanica. Carolus Linnaeus.
1737
Systema Naturae, Critica Botanica, and Genera Plantarum. Carolus Linnaeus.
1741
Jethro Tull (1674-1741) English agriculturalist perfeced machine drill for sowing seed; advocated turning the soil around plants to increase productivity.
1743
The American Philosophical Society organized by
Benjamin Franklin and John Bartram.
Prussian peasants are forced to plant potatoes by Frederick II.
1747
The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the
Bahama Islands. Mark Catesby, plant collector.
Tuileries
Garden, France
1748
William Kent (1685-1748). Garden designer and
artist. Rousham House, Oxforshire and others.
Painshill
Gardens, England. Created by Charles Hamilton.
1749
Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière.
By Comte de Buffon.
1750
Philosophia Botanica, and Species Plantarum.
Carolus Linnaeus. Beginning of scientific nomenclature for
plants.
Story of the Stone. Cao Xuequin. A Chinese
novel with numerous descriptions of Chinese gardens.
European
Garden History Presented by Trans Europe Tours. Tours of famous 15th
to 18th century gardens in England, Scotland, Wales, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Reminder:
You can search the Spirit of Gardening website.
Search Tips and Advanced Atomz Searching Techniques for Searching the Spirit of Gardening Website
1753
Analysis of Beauty. William
Hogarth.
Vauxhall Public Gardens, London.
Roses from China begin arriving in Europe.
I Welcome Your Comments and Suggestions.
1757
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our
Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful. Edmund Burke.
Agriculture
and Food - History - 18th Century Net Links. By Rick Brainard.
1759
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew The mother of King George III, Augusta, helps establish Kew Gardens on part of her estate.
1761
Stephen Hale (1677 - 1761). Botanist who studied the movement of sap in plants.
1762
Julie ou La Nouvelle Heloise. Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Fruits and Nuts - Quotes for Gardeners
1763
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime. Immanuel Kant.
1765
John Bartram, American plantsman from Pennsylvania, appointed "Botanist to the King." Mr. Bartram introduced many native plants found in America into cultivation.
1766
Fisherman's Garden in China.
1767
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1765-1767) experiments with sterilization.
1768
Essay on Design in Gardening. W. Mason.
Religion - Quotes for Gardeners
1769
Every Man His Own Gardener. Thomas Mawe and John Abercrombie.
1770
Enlightenment views towards science and reason begin to
influence gardeners.
Observations on Modern Gardening. Thomas
Whately.
Kew Royal Botanical Gardens directed by Joseph Banks.
1773
John Clayton (1685-1773) English
botanist.
William Bartram begins plant collecting in eight southern U.S.
colonies.
1775
Arboretum Americanum, the American Grove, or an Alphabetical Catalogue of Forest Trees Native of the American United States. By John Bartram.
1777
John Bartram (1699-1777) American plant collector, farmer, and plant hybridizer. Bartram Gardens
1778
Carolus Linnaeus [Carl von Linne]
(1707-1778)
Swedish botanist, educator, and inventor of the
modern system of botanical classification and nomenclature. Information about
Linnaeus: Biography,
Swedish Museusm of Natural History,
Linne Online. The many
students and colleagues of Linnaeus provided a world-wide network of botanists exchanging
scientific information and collected specimens.
1780
The History of the Modern Taste in Gardening.
Horace Walpole.
Letters From an American Farmer.
Michel-Guillaume St. Jean de Crevecoeur (1735-1813).
Historie Naturelle. Georges-Louis Leclerc.
44 volumes.
1783
Lancelot 'Capability' Brown (1716-1783) Renowned
English garden designer and architect.
De la Composition des Paysages. Girardin.
Botanical garden at Calcutta, India, established. Kew RBG
associate.
Quotes for Gardeners
Quotes, Sayings, Proverbs, Poetry, Maxims, Quips,
Cliches, Adages, Wisdom
A Collection Growing to Over 2,000 Quotes Arranged by Over 105 Topics
Many of the Documents Include Recommended Readings and Internet Links.
Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo
1784
Seeds sold in paper packets by Shakers in New England.
1788
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788).
French natural scientist.
Les Epoques de la Nature. Georges-Louis Leclerc.
Revised timescales for history of the earth.
1789
First People's Park in Munich, Germany, designed by
Ludwig von Skell.
William Paxton's
work on botanical gardens in England.
1791
Horticulture
in the New World
Travels Through North and South Carolina.
William Bartram.
1792
Remarks on Forest Scenery and Other Woodland Views.
William Gilpin.
Ladies of Langollen garden, Plas Newydd, England, by Eleanor Butler and
Sarah Ponsonby.
The Farmer's Almanac first published by Robert B. Thomas.
1793
Eli Whitney patented the first cotton ginning machine.
1794
Essays on the Picturesque. Price.
Zoonomia, or, The Laws of Organic Life.
Erasmus Darwin.
1795
Observations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening. Humphry Repton.
Nicholas Appert, a Frenchman, developed techniques for preserving foods by canning.
1797
Charles Newbold, a blacksmith in Burlington, N.J., introduced the cast-iron moldboard plow.
1799
A British Garden. Charlotte
Murray.
A Collection of Roses from Nature. Mary
Lawrance.
George Washington (1732-1799). President, soldier, farmer
(Mt. Vernon), and plant collector.
The History of Gardening Timeline
The Seventeenth Century: 1600 - 1699
The Eighteenth Century: 1701 - 1799
The Nineteenth Century: 1800 - 1899
The Twentieth Century: 1900 - 1999
Reference Sources and Selected Links
More Quotes
for
Gardeners
Spirituality and Concerns of the Soul
Simplicity
and the Simple Life
Pulling Onions
Quips, Maxims and Observations by Michael P.
Garofalo
Haiku and Zen Poetry - Links and References
Cliches for Gardeners and Farmers
The History of Gardening
Timeline
From Ancient Times to the 20th Century
Quotes
for Gardeners
Quotes, Sayings, Proverbs, Poetry, Maxims, Quips,
Cliches, Adages, Wisdom
A Collection Growing to Over 2,700 Quotes, Arranged by 130 Topics
Many of the Documents Include Recommended Readings and Internet Links.
Compiled by Michael P. Garofalo
Copyrighted 1999 - 2002 by Michael P. Garofalo.
All rights reserved.
I Welcome Your
Comments, Ideas, Contributions, and Suggestions
E-mail Mike Garofalo in Red Bluff, California
A Short Biography of Michael P. Garofalo
Gardening History Timeline: The Eighteenth Century
31K, Version 4.3. March 1, 2002
This document was first distributed on the Internet on January 1, 1999.
Index to the History of Gardening Timeline